B Nebi� Guido^*
*Correspondence: B Nebié Guido, Department of crop science, University of Evora, Evora, Portugal, Email:

Introduction

Agriculture is defined as a set of actions that alter the environment in order to produce animals and other products. Plants for human consumption Agriculture is concerned with methods, particularly the use of agronomic research. Agronomy is the study and improvement of plant-based crops via research and development. Research and development on agriculture are included in agricultural sciences. Increasing the amount and quality of agricultural output (e.g., selection of drought- resistant crops and animals, development of new pesticides, yield-sensing technologies, simulation models of crop growth and in-vitro cell culture techniques).

Pests (weeds, insects, diseases, molluscs, nematodes) are minimised in crop and animal production systems. Primary items are transformed into end-user products (e.g., production, preservation, and packaging of dairy products). Preventing and reversing negative environmental consequences (e.g., soil degradation, waste management, bioremediation) crop production modelling and theoretical production ecology. Natural processes, land uses or other human actions can reduce or eliminate the biological or economic productivity and complexity of rainfed agriculture, irrigated cropland, or range, grassland, forest, or woodlands. Land degradation is caused by human activity, which causes the soil to lose its fertility and quality. This is extremely hazardous to nature and will result in further calamities. A few causes of land degradation are pollution of the soil, erosion of the Soil, overgrazing, mineral extraction on a continuous basis and drought.

Traditional agricultural techniques, often known as subsistence agriculture, feed the majority of the world’s poorest population. These systems are interesting because they can maintain a higher level of interaction with natural ecological systems than industrial agriculture, making them more sustainable than certain current agricultural systems. Food production and demand around the world, with a focus on big producers including China, India, Brazil, the United States, and the European Union. Agricultural economics and rural sociology; various sciences relating to agricultural resources and the environment (e.g. soil science, agroclimatology); agricultural crop and animal biology (e.g. crop science, animal science, and their included sciences, e.g. ruminant nutrition, farm animal welfare); various disciplines encompassed in agricultural engineering.

Soil erosion refers to the movement of soil from one location to another due to wind, air, floods, and water. Soil erosion is a form of soil degradation as well. Crops, farm areas, top soil loss, and water quantity are all harmed by excessive soil erosion. Soil erosion is caused by rushing water, which is one of the most common causes. The following are some of the reasons of soil erosion. Reduced soil erosion is one of the most critical things we can do to protect the health of our crops and neighbouring ecosystems. Erosion by raindrops or splashes Raindrop or splash erosion refers to the breakdown of the crumb structure caused by the impact of falling raindrops on the soil surface. Rill erosion is a type of water erosion that takes place in a series of narrow, more or less straight channels known as streamlets or head cuts. The most common type of erosion is rill, which can also be seen during heavy rain.

Soil erosion is exacerbated by inefficient use of soil resources, such as the removal of forest cover. Humans are more interested in deforesting lands as a result of rising land demand.